Women Teaching and Preaching in the Assembly

TWO PASSAGES DETERMINING THE LEGITIMATE BOUNDS OF MINISTRY FOR WOMEN IN THE CHURCH

to address a specific problem in the church, written circa 2001

Women’s role in ministry has expanded both to their benefit and to the benefit of the church. The church has come to realize that women are joint heirs, along with men, of Jesus Christ, they are fellow-servants and gifted with the same gifts as are given to men. The church is beginning to come to terms with Paul’s statement in Galatians 3:28, “There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus.”

Some, perhaps under the influence of the Women’s Liberation Movement, have come to the conclusion that because in Christ there is neither male nor female that women are free to minister equally with men. Is that what Paul allows? Is that what he means? Are the traditional proscriptions of women preaching, teaching, and leading worship in mixed assemblies cultural taboos or truly mandated by God?

Two passages, written by Paul, seem to indicate that women are not to be leaders in assemblies in which men are present. They are 1 Corinthians 14:34,35 and 1 Timothy 2:11-14.

First Corinthians 14:34,35 says, “Let your women keep silence in the churches: for it is not permitted unto them to speak; but they are commanded to be under obedience, as also says the law. ³⁵ And if they will learn any thing, let them ask their husbands at home: for it is a shame for women to speak in the church.”

The wording is clear and unambiguous. “Let your women keep silence in the churches.” Anyone with a rudimentary knowledge of the English language can exegete that sentence. Nor is it a question of inaccurate translation. Of ten English translations checked, all ten agreed with each other and with the translation cited. The problem is not with understanding; it is with obedience to an unequivocal command. Paul says, just so there is no confusion, “it is not permitted unto them to speak.” The New International Versions says, “They are not allowed to speak.” This statement reinforces the first.

Could this be a cultural proscription that no longer applies? I hardly think so. It may be to answer any such objection that the Holy Spirit had the apostle append the reason to the command. But before doing that Paul amplifies this prohibition by saying the women “are commanded to be under obedience.” Ever since Eve persuaded Adam to eat of the forbidden fruit there has been a tension between the roles of men and women. This is even as the Lord God said to Eve: “I will greatly multiply your pain and your conception; in pain you shall bring forth children; and your desire shall be to your husband, and he shall rule over you.” (Genesis 3:16). The latter part of that verse implies that the woman’s desire would be to rule over her husband. However, God says, the opposite would be true: the man will rule over the woman. This is that obedience or submission that Paul reminds the women of in 1 Corinthians 14:34.

Is this construction far-fetched? I don’t think so. In fact, an identical construction is found in the next chapter. In this case God is addressing Cain’s annoyance over his rejected offering. God advises him, “If you do well, shall it not be lifted up? and if you do not well, sin couches at the door: and unto you shall be its desire, but you are to rule over it.” Genesis 4:7.

Women’s silence in the church is a sign of an obedient spirit. Women who speak out in the assemblies of the church reveal an unsanctified and rebellious spirit. Paul even says that it is improper for women to ask questions in a public forum about the teaching in a church. This they are to do through their husbands and that at home. And then he adds, “it is a shame for women to speak in the church.” Some variant translations of shameful are “inappropriate, improper, and disgraceful.”

The apostle Paul also addresses this issue with his protégé Timothy: “Let a woman learn in quietness with all subjection. But I permit not a woman to teach, nor to have dominion over a man, but to be in quietness. For Adam was first formed, then Eve; and Adam was not beguiled, but the woman being beguiled has fallen into transgression:” 1 Timothy 1:11-14.

Here, the argument follows that of the 1 Corinthians passage. Paul refers back to the Creation order and to the woman being easily deceived. The injunction is the same: “I permit not a woman to teach … but to be in quietness.” The submission issue is also raised: “nor to have dominion over a man.” The reasons given are not cultural, but trans-cultural. They are founded in the early days of human history. Women, simply stated, are to be quiet in the public assemblies of the church.

These two passages prohibit women from teaching and preaching in mixed assemblies, from leading worship, from giving “testimonies,” from giving “a word from the Lord,” and any number of other things which incorporate any aspect of teaching (however well disguised) and dominion (i.e., leadership) over men. They do not prohibit these same functions to women-only groups, or private activities.

With these views the more trusted commentators and biblical scholars of the church throughout the ages agree. It is only since the Age of Aquarius that the broader spectrum of the Church has capitulated to the world and has given insubordinate women a public platform.